1: Make sure it is legal to keep chickens in your area. If you are zoned agricultural, you are probably safe. If you are zoned residential, check. Don’t take a real estate agent’s word for it, get it in writing from your county/city planning office. Some areas put limits on the number of chickens or outlaw roosters. Obey the law.
2: Make sure you have enough space. Each chicken needs at least 2 square feet of shelter space and 3 square feet of outside run. The more space per chicken the better. A shelter needs to be at least 3′ high. A crowded chicken is an unhappy chicken.
3: Dedicate time to the birds. You’ll need to check them every morning and every evening. Automated feeders and waterers are not a substitute for these checks. Eggs will need to be collected at least once a day.
4: Your birds need feed. Feed costs money. You’ll need around 1/2 lb of feed per adult bird per day. A 50lb bag of feed costs $10 to $15. Pecking in the yard is not an adequate substitute for feed. Though chickens are omnivores and will eat almost anything, kitchen leftovers are best thought of as treats rather than feed. White bread is bad for your birds, and should be fed in moderation or not at all. Dried beans are poisonous to chickens.
5: How do your neighbors feel about chickens? Even if you are within your legal rights to have chickens, you may still want to consider your neighbors. Roosters don’t just crow in the morning, and chicken waste gets smelly. Foraging chickens travel, and can destroy a garden in moments. An aggressive rooster may attack other pets or children. If your coop isn’t clean, it will attract flies and other pests. And remember, chickens are birds. They have wings, and can fly over fences. Mine regularly roost on the garage roof.
6: Make sure your coop is secure. Raccoons and coyotes are present, perhaps even more numerous, in cities and dogs will go after chickens. A single dog can wipe out an entire flock in minutes thinking it’s nothing more than a splendid game. In spite of the name, chicken wire is not secure fencing. It is designed to keep chickens in, not predators out. Chain link or welded wire fencing is the requirement for a secure coop.
7: While the avian flu and chicken pox aren’t a concern for your birds, there are plenty of other dangers. Always quarantine new birds before introducing them to your flock and make sure all new birds are NPIP tested. Get your flock NPIP tested too.
8: Noise. Chickens are not quiet. No, not even if you only have hens. Chickens make a particular noise when nesting and laying, known as egg song. Some hens can drown out the roosters. On rare occasions, hens will crow. An alarmed chicken will let out a loud holler or squawk that will often set the others off. A broody girl defending her nest makes a sound best described as a growl and translating to ‘get that hand any closer to me and I will eat it’.
9: Boredom. A bored chicken is an unhappy chicken and unhappy chickens peck at each other and pull out feathers, if not outright killing other birds in the flock. If you are limited in space, provide other means of entertainment for your birds. A suet cage stuffed with veggies or some crickets released in the coop provides entertainment for them and for you.
10: Don’t wear red polka-dot pants when checking your chickens. Just trust me on this one.
11: You don’t need a rooster to get eggs
12: Chickens dust bathe. If you don’t have loose soil for them, give them a sandbox in their coop. They can and will tear up your lawn and garden dust bathing, and have more fun doing so than you would have at a spa.
13: Research your breed. Don’t just pick for colors you like (though by all means, consider that as well). Choose for temperament, productivity, size, type and size of egg, and whether you want your birds to provide meat or just eggs.
14: If you are starting with chicks, have a brooder area. Young chicks need supplemental heat and higher protein feed. Don’t just toss chicks in with adult birds, the adult birds will likely kill them. You might be able to trick a broody into adopting chicks, but some won’t cooperate. Best to get them to medium size or so and do a slow introduction.
15: Wash your hands before and after handling your chickens. You don’t want to get them sick and you don’t want them to get you sick.